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With the fall of the Joseon Dynasty in 1910, social hierarchy in Korea collapsed and all became equal human beings. This meant that EVERYONE had a chance at a higher education and success, no matter one's family class. Education became the new way to bring honor to one's family.
School is a literally a full time job for Korean children. Seriously, they work more hours than me! And the intense competition to get high scores and grades from teachers to ensure acceptance to a high-ranking university has resulted in the bribery of teachers. Unfortunately (just kidding), it is now illegal.
FYI: A hagwon is a privately owned Engllish academy.